this is a document intended to demonstrate the range of features common throughout the e-texts in the project gutenberg library, and indeed to the majority of printed books.

project gutenberg is a volunteer effort for digitizing the text of public-domain books, for viewing and distribution in cyberspace.

http://gutenberg.org

it was begun by michael hart back in 1971, with the goal of creating 10,000 e-texts, a milestone achieved in 2003, thanks to a big boost from distributed proofreaders, which allows people to proofread online -- thousands of them doing a page at a time, volunteering bits and pieces of their time.

http://pgdp.net

if you want to support the p.g. library with software, a markup system, or so on, you should be able to handle its features, and you can use this file as a "test-suite" to verify that your system is fully capable.

this document should be self-explanatory. tabs have been substituted with "~tab~", so that they will become visible to you, so they could be changed back for your testing. other than that, no changes should be needed.

this is the test of a link in the middle of a normal paragraph, to http://pgdp.net, to see if it works correctly...

if you find inconsistencies in this test-suite, do please let me know immediately. thank you.

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chapter 2

the sections of the book

first, you should be able to handle headings of different levels, such as the book, chapters, and subsections.

you may label the levels as you like.

html can support 6 different levels, so that's a good number to shoot for.

one of the things that users find handy is a table of contents for the e-book, so you must be capable of generating one, in cases where an e-text doesn't have one.

because of their experience with the web, people often expect this table of contents to be hotlinked to the appropriate sections, so your markup system should facilitate that. a nice touch is then to have chapter headings then link back to the table of contents...

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chapter 3

text "styling"

project gutenberg was born a very long time ago, before word-processors and personal computers... a rumor is that michael used a keypunch machine (it's ok if you're too young to know what that is) to enter a good number of the original e-texts...

computers didn't even have lowercase characters in the early days, so the whole book was capitalized! luckily, before long we got lowercase characters.

but still, "luxuries" like italicized and bold text were not possible, so michael developed a convention where a word that was bold or italics in the original was entered in all-uppercase, to show that emphasis.

because the e-texts are stored as raw ascii text, that convention lives on, to this day, in some files. by this time, however, we need to be able to handle styled text, so your systems must be able to do so.

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chapter 4

plain ascii versus unicode

most english e-texts in the library can be represented in the lower-ascii characters, but future e-texts are likely to require some unicode characters, so you should without question be able to handle unicode.

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chapter 5

poetry and other silly things

many of the e-texts contain poetry, or verse of some type, so your system must be able to handle silliness like that.

some poems want to be left-justified, so you should be able to handle that:

               a haiku for you
               (by bowerbird intelligentleman)

               haiku have three lines
               and seventeen syllables
               five, seven, and five

other poems want to be centered instead:

t.v. will eat you
(by bowerbird intelligentleman)

t.v. will eat you
out of a satellite dish
with a tuning fork

and some poems want to alternate...

      six spaces at the start of this line
            12 spaces at the start of this line
      six spaces at the start of this line
            12 spaces at the start of this line
      six spaces at the start of this line
            12 spaces at the start of this line
      six spaces at the start of this line
            12 spaces at the start of this line

and some poems want to get fweaky!

      six spaces at the start of this line
          ten spaces at the start of this line
              14 spaces at the start of this line
                  18 spaces at the start of this line
                      22 spaces at the start of this line
                          26 spaces at the start of this line
                      22 spaces at the start of this line
                  18 spaces at the start of this line
              14 spaces at the start of this line
          ten spaces at the start of this line
      six spaces at the start of this line

in general, lines of a poem prefer to stay together, that is, to be kept all on a page whenever possible, so your system should attempt to accomplish that...

if it's not possible to keep the whole poem on a page, try to make the page-break occur between the verses...

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chapter 6

tables in your e-texts

there aren't a whole lot of tables in the e-texts -- we're talking literature, not spreadsheets -- but your system should handle tables anyway; not really big and hairy ones, just simple ones.

table 1	column 1	column 2
plain-text	yes	yes
x.m.l.	no	yes
html	yes	no
.rtf	no	yes
.pdf	no	no

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chapter 7

centered text

center me please!

sometimes, for one reason or another, some of an e-text's lines are centered. so your system should be able to do that.

center me as well, please!

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chapter 8

pictures in your book

most of the p.g. e-texts are text-only. but some of them do have pictures, so your system must be able to show 'em.

http://z-m-l.com/go/alice/checking_watch.png

put a picture here, or maybe a button that someone could click in order to view that picture...

http://z-m-l.com/go/alice/cat_fades.png

"what is the use of a book," thought alice, "without pictures or conversation?"

http://z-m-l.com/go/alice/alice_cramped.png

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chapter 9

footnotes and endnotes

some of the e-texts have footnotes.[_1_]

your system must be able to handle them. how it might do that is up to you, captain.

http://z-m-l.com/go/alice/alice_holding.png

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chapter 10

hotlinks in your e-texts

remember how, in chapter 2, we said that the table of contents should be hot-linked to the appropriate spots?

that is one type of link you'll need. there are several other types as well.

your system should also be able to make the jump to an internet site. most of the e-texts are quite old, so of course it's not like they have a bunch of internet url's in them; but every e-text will indeed contain a link to project gutenberg's website, so you must be able to execute links...

quite often there are places in an e-text that reference other parts of the e-text. in these cases, it's nice to have a hotlink close to (or on) that reference point that transports the reader directly to the place that is being referenced; it is convenient. your system should facilitate such linking, preferably making it happen automatically.

for instance, the beginning of this chapter has a reference to chapter 2. if a reader clicked on those words -- "chapter 2" -- they should automatically go to chapter 2.

(and likewise with each of the references to "chapter 2" here in this paragraph too.)

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chapter 11

hyphens and dashes

i use a hyphen between "e" and "text" in "e-text". not everyone does, but i think that it looks nicer.

a hyphen -- as you know -- differs from a dash. and you probably know that there are even two (and some people say more!) types of dashes...

the first - called an "en-dash" - is a narrow one. you will see these in a fair number of the e-texts. it's called an "en" dash because it was traditionally defined as being exactly as wide as the letter "n". (or, some say, as wide as a letter "n" is high, so you can take your pick between those choices.)

the second -- called an "em-dash" -- is wider, and yes, it's called that because it's as wide as an "m", or so the story goes, according to some people...

generally, try to use an em-dash, not an en-dash... the en-dash looks too much like a hyphen, especially when it is run into the words that are surrounding it.

now, the convention says that you should not have spaces on the sides of a dash. the convention is wrong. it looks much nicer if you put spaces around a dash.

perhaps even more importantly, the search capability of many programs is thrown off if you don't use spaces.

so are the re-margination routines in many programs, so -- to avoid these problems -- put spaces around dashes.

a problem arises, though, because there is no em-dash in the lower-ascii codes. so you have to use a double-dash -- like these here -- for an em-dash. ok, problem solved. your system should be able to convert the double-dash into a proper em-dash, if the user chooses that option.

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chapter 12

hyphenation stinks

hyphenation is another thing that messes up e-book search capabilities. e-books don't need hyphenation. so turn hyphenation off when you make an e-book.

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chapter 13

unlucky number 13

there is no 13th floor in most buildings.

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chapter 14

two spaces after a sentence

back in the old typewriter days, students were instructed to put two spaces after each sentence.

ever since wordprocessing, though, some people have said two spaces are no longer required, that it is an unnecessary leftover from earlier times.

those people were wrong. if you have one space after a period, sentences run together too much.

but...

the thing is, it's actually a lot easier to edit text if you only have one space after a period... that way, you can do a search for two spaces, and that search should come up totally empty.

thus, to make life easier on the writers out there, your software should create the smidgen of space necessary to separate two sentences sufficiently.

so, if you're making an e-book, use just one space.

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chapter 15

multi-purpose block-quotes

sometimes you want to quote a whole block of stuff from someone. this is often called a "block-quote". clever, the guy who came up with that name...

many of the project gutenberg e-texts contain block-quotes of one various type or another.

here's an example of a block-quote, a letter.

     dear leslie,

     how are you? i am fine.
     the weather is nice here.
     but i wish it was half
     as beautiful as you are.

     and i wish you were here.

     love,
     bowerbird

typically, block-quotes are indented on both the left and right sides.

here's another block-quote, from a speech.

four score and seven years ago, our
forefathers set forth upon this continent
a new nation, conceived in liberty and
dedicated to the proposition that
all men[_2_] are created equal.

there are a number of different situations throughout the e-texts that might call for this type of indentation. for now, we will just subsume them all under "block-quote"; perhaps later we will see fit to break out a more finely-grained analysis, if we find any special cases merit their own class.

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chapter 16

the play is the thing

there are plays in the library. gotta be able to handle plays.

dale: that's not what p.g. is all about.

bowerbird: i think it's important to give people a good e-book experience.

dale: that's your opinion.

bowerbird: yes it is.

steve: (weakly) i can't...

dale: no it isn't.

steve: (weakly) get a...

bowerbird: is too.

steve: (weakly) word in edgewise...

dale: is not.

lurkers: will you two cut it out?

bowerbird: is so.

dale: is not...

fade to black.[_3_]

gotta be able to handle plays. dialog, instructions to actors, stage directions, that kind of stuff...

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chapter 17

epigraphs and epitaphs

there's an old proverb

that says just about

whatever you want it to...

-- slashdot

sometimes a chapter starts with a nice pithy quote, which is usually italicized, and often right-justified.

so you wanna be able to handle that kind of thing.[_4_]

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chapter 18

lists in your book

i like lists. here's a list:

one
two
three
four
five
six
seven
i forget what 8 was for.
number 9, number 9...

gotta be able to handle lists...

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a subsection of chapter 18

sometimes you want a numbered list...

here's an example of a numbered list, with the number specifically included.

1. one
2. two
3. three
4. four
5. five
6. six
7. seven
8. i still forget what 8 was for.
9. number 9, number 9...

here's another numbered list, again with the number specifically included, where we mix things up a bit...

101. one
202. two
333. three
4444. four
55555. five
6. six
77. seven
88. i still forget what 8 was for.
9. number 9, number 9...

here's another numbered list, except this time it's an "ordered list", which means the browser does the numbering...

one
two
three
four
five
six
seven
i still forget what 8 was for.
number 9, number 9...

still gotta be able to handle lists...

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another subsection of chapter 18

here's another example of a list:

mercury
venus
earth
mars
jupiter
saturn
uranus
neptune
pluto

like poems, items in a list generally want to stick together on the same page, if possible.

still gotta be able to handle lists...

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chapter 19

the meta-data chapter

a lot of people think "meta-data" is important. i think they're full of poop, but why not make 'em happy?

so give them their own section -- call it the "meta-data section" -- and then let them put whatever makes 'em happy into that section.

you will find the meta-data section toward the very end of this document, where it belongs, after the "real" data.

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chapter 20

a demo for zen markup language

this test-suite document is a demonstration of z.m.l. -- "zen markup language" -- a system by which a set of simple formatting rules can take the place of complicated markup languages.

this document is "marked up" in z.m.l. and will spring to life when displayed by a z.m.l.-viewer.

furthermore, a z.m.l.-viewer can perform all of the tasks necessary to implement the features that this test-suite represents: the hot-linking, the styling, different layouts, tables, pictures, formatting for plays, the lists, the whole thing, without the difficulty of heavy markup languages.

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chapter 21

the end of this test-suite

we hope you've enjoyed this test-suite document. if you have any questions, feel free to ask them.

this is a draft, so please suggest improvements. and if you want to make your own test-suite, do!

sadly, michael hart passed away in 2011, so he is no longer with us. he's up in heaven now, where there are no typos, and every book is available...

but after he attained his 10,000 e-texts goal, michael got a new goal -- a million e-texts!

maybe you can serve michael's memory, and say "thanks", by helping to reach his new goal? :+)

http://gutenberg.org

have a nice day.

the end.

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the notes section

^^^^ [1] personally, i don't think we need to make a distinction between footnotes and endnotes any more, i believe that all the types of notes should be stored at the end of the file, like these notes, but i think the person should be able to display them at the point of reference in the actual body of the text. therefore, they are actually a sort of hybrid between footnotes and endnotes, combining the strengths and convenience of both types. ^^^^

^^^^ [2] in later years, it was made clear that lincoln was referring to all "people", and not just men, that women are equally equal. ^^^^

^^^^ [3] this is a test footnote. because of that, it's going to go on and on and on. this is a test footnote. because of that, it's going to go on and on and on. this is a test footnote. because of that, it's going to go on and on and on. this is a test footnote. because of that, it's going to go on and on and on. this is a test footnote. because of that, it's going to go on and on and on. ^^^^

look, it even has a second paragraph! this is a test footnote. because of that, it's going to go on and on and on. this is a test footnote. because of that, it's going to go on and on and on. this is a test footnote. because of that, it's going to go on and on and on. ^^^^

oh no! a third paragraph. way too long! this is a test footnote. because of that, it's going to go on and on and on. this is a test footnote. because of that, it's going to go on and on and on. this is a test footnote. because of that, it's going to go on and on and on. this is a test footnote. because of that, it's going to go on and on and on. this is a test footnote. because of that, it's going to go on and on and on. ^^^^

^^^^ [4] this is another test footnote. but it will be short. ^^^^

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